Arrange these consequences in the order they typically follow from habitat fragmentation.

1. A continuous habitat is broken into isolated patches
2. Populations in each patch become smaller and separated
3. Gene flow between patches falls and inbreeding rises
4. Local extinctions occur and are not reversed by recolonisation

Fragmentation divides the landscape, which shrinks and isolates populations, which reduces gene flow, which raises extinction risk. The final step is the critical one: in a connected landscape local extinctions are routinely reversed by recolonisation, and fragmentation removes that rescue.