Practice question · Match the pairs
Match each religious movement to the innovation that distinguishes it.
- Cluny
- Cîteaux
- The Franciscans
- The Dominicans
- Preaching and begging inside the growing towns
- A monastery exempt from local lay and episcopal control
- Theological training aimed at combating heresy
- Austerity and manual labour on remote sites
Hints
- Two of these are forms of monastic withdrawal and two are forms of urban presence.
- The friars go where the new population is, rather than away from it.
Show the answer
- Cluny → A monastery exempt from local lay and episcopal control
- Cîteaux → Austerity and manual labour on remote sites
- The Franciscans → Preaching and begging inside the growing towns
- The Dominicans → Theological training aimed at combating heresy
Why
The sequence tracks where the people were. Cluny and Cîteaux are answers to a rural Europe of lordships; the friars are an answer to a Europe with towns of tens of thousands whose parishes were medieval villages that had swollen. Begging in a town is only a viable rule if the town has a surplus to give.
Practise The Renewal of Christendom, Eleventh to Thirteenth Centuries
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