Languages I / Universals and Typology
Practice question · Multiple choice

Greenbergian universals are induced from empirical samples, whereas Chomskyan universals are posited as innate mental constraints. What does this distinction imply when a newly documented language violates an absolute universal?

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  1. How does an inductive claim across observed data handle a counter-example compared to a model of innate competence?
  2. What separates an empirical generalisation about languages from an abstract principle of the language faculty?
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C. A Greenbergian rule is immediately refuted whilst a Chomskyan principle can survive

Why

Because taxonomic universals are empirical claims across attested speech, one exception disproves an absolute rule. Conversely, innate generative constraints may remain theoretically viable by attributing surface violations to language-specific parameters or performance factors rather than immediate refutation.

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