Practice question · True or false
Article 28 treats the inducer and the necessary cooperator as authors for the purposes of the penalty, although neither carries out the act personally.
Hints
- The article has a second part beginning "shall also be considered authors".
- Being considered an author is not the same as being one.
Show the answer
True
Why
True, and the wording repays attention. Article 28 first defines authors — alone, jointly, or through another as an instrument — and then says that inducers and necessary cooperators shall also be considered authors. They are participants assimilated to authors for punishment, which is why the doctrine still analyses them as participation and the Code still punishes them as authorship.
Practise Attempt, Desistance and Participation
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