Law I / The State, Legality and Legitimacy
Practice question · Put in order

Arrange the steps of the proportionality test in the order a constitutional court applies them.

Hints
  1. The test never begins with the weighing.
  2. Necessity asks about alternatives; the final step compares benefit with cost.
Show the answer
  1. Establish that the measure pursues a constitutionally legitimate aim
  2. Ask whether the measure is suitable for achieving that aim
  3. Ask whether a less restrictive measure would achieve it equally well
  4. Weigh the benefit obtained against the sacrifice imposed on the right
Why

The order is not a formality. A measure that fails at step two is unconstitutional without any weighing at all, which is why courts that jump straight to the balancing stage are criticised for turning a structured test into an unstructured intuition. Only what survives suitability and necessity gets weighed.

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