Practice question · Put in order
Arrange the steps of a Formalist reading in the order they are performed.
- Identify the devices the text foregrounds
- Relate the devices to the norms they deviate from
- Describe how each device obstructs automatic reading
- Explain the work's effect as the sum of its devices
Hints
- Start with what is actually on the page.
- Deviation can only be measured once you know what the norm was.
Show the answer
- Identify the devices the text foregrounds
- Describe how each device obstructs automatic reading
- Relate the devices to the norms they deviate from
- Explain the work's effect as the sum of its devices
Why
The order matters because each step supplies what the next needs. Naming a deviation requires a norm, and the norm is historical. Tynyanov's addition to the programme was that the norms shift, so a device that estranged in 1820 may be entirely automatic by 1900.
Practise Literariness
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