Mathematics I / Number Theory in Action
Practice question · Put in order

Order the stages of the RSA idea.

Hints
  1. The keys must exist before anything can be encrypted with them.
  2. The security claim is a statement about the whole finished system, so it comes last.
Show the answer
  1. Choose two large secret primes p and q
  2. Publish their product n while keeping p and q secret
  3. Encrypt a message by modular exponentiation mod n
  4. Decrypt using an exponent derived from p and q
  5. Security holds because factoring n back into p and q is infeasible
Why

Primes first, then the public product, then encryption, then decryption using the private information, and finally the security argument. Every stage uses a tool from this unit: primes, modular exponentiation, inverses (via Fermat and Euler), and the hardness of factoring.

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