Philosophy I / Heraclitus
Practice question · Put in order

Arrange these steps in Heraclitus’ reasoning about the river.

Hints
  1. The argument starts from an uncontroversial observation.
  2. The conclusion is about what identity CONSISTS in.
Show the answer
  1. The waters of a river are constantly moving on
  2. You therefore never encounter the same water twice
  3. Yet the river remains identifiable as one river
  4. So its identity consists in the pattern of flow, not in its matter
  5. A river that ceased to flow would no longer be a river
Why

The argument moves from an obvious fact to a claim about the nature of identity: what makes the river one thing is the persisting pattern, not the persisting stuff. The final step shows the change is constitutive, not incidental.

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