Physics II / Dielectrics and Polarisation
Practice question · Fill in the blanks

Complete the account of what a dielectric does to a field.

A dielectric ______ the field inside it, because its ______ charge sits antiparallel to the free charge and partly cancels it. The reduction factor is the ______, which for an ordinary material is always greater than ______.

Word bank: weakens · bound · relative permittivity · one · strengthens

Hints
  1. Think about which way the induced charges face relative to the plate charges.
  2. The reduction factor is one plus the susceptibility.
Show the answer

A dielectric weakens the field inside it, because its bound charge sits antiparallel to the free charge and partly cancels it. The reduction factor is the relative permittivity, which for an ordinary material is always greater than one.

Why

Polarisation puts bound charge on the slab faces opposing the free charge, so the net field falls by εr=1+χe>1\varepsilon_r = 1 + \chi_e > 1. This is also why filling a capacitor raises its capacitance by the same factor.

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