Physics II / Work and the Joule Experiment
Practice question · Multiple choice

Why does a gas expanding freely into an evacuated chamber do no work at all?

Hints
  1. Work requires an opposing external pressure.
  2. Expanding into a vacuum means the external pressure is exactly zero.
Show the answer

D. None, because there is nothing to push against

Why

Work is PextdV-\int P_{ext}dV, and Pext=0P_{ext} = 0 throughout a free expansion, so W=0W = 0 exactly. The gas expands and does nothing, and for an ideal gas it does not cool either, since UU depends on temperature alone.

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