The Ottawa Charter reframed health promotion as a broad societal project rather than a matter of educating individuals. A city responds to rising obesity by funding a poster campaign urging people to walk more. Why would the Charter treat this as an incomplete response, and what would it add?

A. Because it works on personal skills alone, one action area of five.

The campaign acts on personal skills, one action area of five, and asks people to walk in a place built entirely around cars. The Charter's point is that the other four are where a city actually has power: planning, safe crossings, community say, services. Telling people to walk puts the burden on the actor with the least leverage.