Practice question · Select all that apply
Select every statement that is TRUE about the evolution of altruism.
Hints
- Two options are misconceptions - one about intention, one about repayment.
- Altruism is defined by fitness effects, and reciprocity needs a realistic chance of return.
Show the answer
- A. Hamilton's Rule is rb > c.
- C. Inclusive fitness equals direct reproduction plus indirect success through relatives.
- D. Reciprocal altruism can occur between non-relatives.
Why
The inclusive-fitness definition, non-relative reciprocity, and Hamilton's Rule are all true. Altruism needs no conscious choice, and reciprocal altruism requires a realistic chance of repayment - so those two are false.
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