A CPU's power consumption rises roughly with frequency times voltage squared, and higher clocks need higher voltage. What did that relationship do to processor design around 2005?

B. Ended clock scaling, since power grew faster than performance

Power roughly cubed with clock speed once the voltage increase is included, so the heat wall arrived while transistor counts kept climbing. The budget went sideways into cores, which turned a hardware limit into a software problem, since a sequential program stopped getting faster by waiting.