Mathematics I / Proof by Contradiction and Contrapositive
Practice question · Multiple choice

Euclid proved there are infinitely many primes by assuming a finite list and building N = p₁p₂…pₖ + 1. Why does that one construction settle it?

Hints
  1. Divide N by any prime on the list. What is the remainder, and why?
  2. Careful: N need not be prime. 2·3·5·7·11·13 + 1 = 59 × 509.
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B. Because N leaves remainder 1 on every prime in the supposedly complete list

Why

Every listed prime leaves remainder 1, so none divides N, and N has some prime factor, which is therefore missing from a list assumed to hold them all. Option 2 is the standard misremembering: N is often composite, and the argument never needed it to be prime.

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