Photography I / The Birth of Photography and Its First Theory
Practice question · Sort into groups

Sort each process by what it yields at the end of an exposure.

Groups: A unique positive image · A negative made to be printed from · A positive made directly on paper without a negative

Hints
  1. Ask in each case whether a second print could be made without rephotographing.
  2. The ambrotype is a negative that has been made to look like a positive.
Show the answer

A unique positive image: Daguerreotype, Ambrotype, a collodion plate backed with black to read as a positive

A negative made to be printed from: Talbot's calotype, Gelatin dry plate, 1871

A positive made directly on paper without a negative: Bayard's 1839 process

Why

The ambrotype is the instructive case: physically it is an under-exposed collodion negative, and backing it with black velvet makes the eye read it as a positive. It shows that "negative" and "positive" describe how a plate is used and viewed, not only what is on it.

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