Practice question · Put in order
Arrange these developments in the growth of the administrative state in order.
- Public spending around a tenth of GDP
- Postwar construction of the welfare state
- Bismarckian social insurance schemes
- Restructuring through agencies and contracts
- Public spending at 40–50% of GDP
Hints
- The starting point is the nineteenth-century baseline.
- Spending reaches its plateau before restructuring begins.
Show the answer
- Public spending around a tenth of GDP
- Bismarckian social insurance schemes
- Postwar construction of the welfare state
- Public spending at 40–50% of GDP
- Restructuring through agencies and contracts
Why
The order matters for a common misreading: restructuring began after spending had reached its plateau, and did not reverse it. What the reform agenda changed was the organisational form of the state, not its size, which is why thirty years of reform left the spending figures largely intact.
Practise From the Minimal State to the Welfare State
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