Sociology I / Modernity and Postmodernity
Practice question · Fill in the blanks

Complete the account of the rival diagnoses of the present.

Lyotard defined the postmodern as incredulity towards ______. Beck argued that industrial societies now generate ______ risks, produced by decisions rather than by nature. Giddens preferred to speak of a ______ modernity in which existing tendencies intensify, and Bauman described a ______ modernity in which institutions no longer hold their shape.

Word bank: metanarratives · manufactured · radicalised · liquid · traditions · solid

Hints
  1. The first blank is the term for the big legitimating stories of progress and emancipation.
  2. The last blank is the opposite of solid.
Show the answer

Lyotard defined the postmodern as incredulity towards metanarratives. Beck argued that industrial societies now generate manufactured risks, produced by decisions rather than by nature. Giddens preferred to speak of a radicalised modernity in which existing tendencies intensify, and Bauman described a liquid modernity in which institutions no longer hold their shape.

Why

The four terms are competing names for one perceived change, and the name chosen decides the research. Manufactured risk directs attention to expertise and decision-making; incredulity towards metanarratives directs it to knowledge and legitimation; liquidity directs it to biography and insecurity. They are not interchangeable vocabulary for the same finding.

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