History II / The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries: a Time of Crisis?
Practice question · Sort into groups

Sort each item by whether it supports reading the period as a CRISIS or as a RECOVERY and reorganisation.

Groups: Supports "crisis" · Supports "recovery"

Hints
  1. One column counts the deaths and the institutional breakdowns; the other counts what the survivors had.
  2. Ask whether you are measuring the population or the individual.
Show the answer

Supports "crisis": Rival popes commanding divided obedience for forty years, A war between France and England lasting over a century

Supports "recovery": More land available per surviving household, Improved diets and higher real wages for workers, Printing with movable type from the 1450s

Why

The two columns are answering different questions, which is why the debate is hard to settle. Aggregate output, population and institutional coherence all fell; output per head, land per head and wages all rose. Whether that is a crisis depends on whether you are counting the society or the person inside it.

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