Practice question · Numerical answer
In what year did Michels publish the iron law of oligarchy?
Hints
- Just before the First World War.
- 1911.
Show the answer
1911 (answers within ±2 count)
Why
1911. The method is what makes the claim bite: he tested it on the German Social Democratic Party, the most internally democratic mass organisation he could find, and argued that even there full-time officials accumulated the expertise, information and continuity that produce rule by a few.
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