Practice question · Put in order
Arrange the stages of the fiscal-political crisis that opened the French Revolution.
- Attempts to tax the privileged orders are blocked
- The Estates General is summoned for the first time since 1614
- A century of wars leaves the crown unable to service its debt
- The third estate declares itself the National Assembly
- Popular insurrection in Paris makes the Assembly’s position irreversible
Hints
- The sequence runs from a balance sheet to a crowd.
- The Assembly declares itself before the Bastille falls, and survives because of it.
Show the answer
- A century of wars leaves the crown unable to service its debt
- Attempts to tax the privileged orders are blocked
- The Estates General is summoned for the first time since 1614
- The third estate declares itself the National Assembly
- Popular insurrection in Paris makes the Assembly’s position irreversible
Why
Each step removes an option. Debt forces the crown to seek revenue; blocked reform forces it to seek consent; consent creates a body that redefines itself; and the insurrection makes dispersing that body impossible. By mid-July there is no route back to May, which is what makes this a revolution rather than a reform.
Practise The Age of Revolutions I: the Atlantic and France
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