Physics I / Change of Variables and the Jacobian
Practice question · Multiple choice

When you switch a double integral to polar coordinates, dAdA becomes rdrdθr\,dr\,d\theta, not just drdθdr\,d\theta. What does that extra rr pay for?

Hints
  1. Draw two polar grid cells with the same dr,dθdr, d\theta: one near the origin, one far away. Compare their sizes.
  2. A cell spans drdr radially and rdθr\,d\theta tangentially, its area is the product.
Show the answer

D. Area cells far from the origin are bigger

Why

The polar grid’s cells grow with distance: width rdθr\,d\theta times depth drdr. The factor rr, the Jacobian of the transformation, is the local area-conversion rate. Forgetting it is the most common change-of-variables error in the subject.

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