Political Science I / New Public Management and Governance
Practice question · Put in order

Arrange these phases of administrative reform in order.

Hints
  1. The sequence runs from the model that was reformed to the current agenda.
  2. Reintegration precedes the digital phase.
Show the answer
  1. Classical bureaucratic administration
  2. New public management
  3. Documented failures and the governance critique
  4. Joined-up and whole-of-government reintegration
  5. Digital-era governance
Why

Reading the five as accumulation rather than replacement is the correction the lesson ends on. A European administration today runs all five layers at once in different parts of the same organisation, which is why officials experience reform as contradictory rather than progressive.

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