Complete the account of the reform record.
Rhodes described the reformed landscape as governing without ______. The tendency for what is measured to be manipulated is called ______. The costs of specifying, monitoring and enforcing contracts are ______ costs. The current agenda, emphasising reintegration and digital delivery, is usually called ______-NPM.
Word bank: government · gaming · transaction · post · governance · agency
Hints
- The first blank completes Rhodes's formulation.
- The third blank is the economic term for the cost of contracting itself.
Show the answer
Rhodes described the reformed landscape as governing without government. The tendency for what is measured to be manipulated is called gaming. The costs of specifying, monitoring and enforcing contracts are transaction costs. The current agenda, emphasising reintegration and digital delivery, is usually called post-NPM.
The transaction costs in the third blank are the most under-reported item in the record. Contracting is not free: specification, tendering, monitoring and enforcement consume real resources, and in several documented cases they consumed more than the savings the contract produced.
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