Computer Science I / Timing, Hazards, and Reliability
Practice question · Multiple choice

Synchronous design tolerates combinational glitches by sampling outputs only at discrete clock edges. Why does this architectural strategy fail when signals violate setup or hold times?

Hints
  1. What physical difference exists between transient gate skews and an unresolved flip-flop feedback state?
  2. Does waiting for a clock edge guarantee that a storage element itself will resolve to a clean logic level?
Show the answer

D. Glitches settle over time whereas bistable elements enter metastable states

Why

Combinational hazards naturally resolve once all path delays elapse, making clock-edge sampling effective. However, violating setup or hold windows traps the internal feedback of a flip-flop in a non-deterministic balance, which pure edge sampling cannot prevent.

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