History II / Christianity, the Church and Spirituality, East and West
Practice question · Put in order

Arrange the stages by which the papacy’s claims developed, earliest first.

Hints
  1. The sequence runs from precedence to argument to practical power to a claim of command.
  2. The excommunications come at the end, as a consequence of the claim.
Show the answer
  1. Rome holds a primacy of honour within the pentarchy
  2. Leo I argues that Peter’s authority passes to the bishop of Rome
  3. Gregory the Great takes over the civil governance of Rome itself
  4. Rome claims jurisdiction over other patriarchates, which the East rejects
  5. Western legates and the eastern patriarch excommunicate each other
Why

Each step is a small enlargement of the previous one, which is why the East kept conceding the earlier ones and refusing the later. Precedence in a list is harmless; a doctrine of Petrine succession is arguable; a claim to overrule another patriarch is a different constitution for the church, and that is what was refused.

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