History II / Christianity, the Church and Spirituality, East and West
Practice question · Sort into groups

Sort each item by whether the Council of CHALCEDON (451) settled it or whether it was settled at NICAEA (325).

Groups: Settled at Nicaea · Settled at Chalcedon

Hints
  1. One council is about the relation between Father and Son; the other about the relation of natures within Christ.
  2. The churches that are still separate today broke over the later formula.
Show the answer

Settled at Nicaea: Whether the Son is of the same substance as the Father, The condemnation of Arius’s teaching

Settled at Chalcedon: How divine and human natures coexist in one person, The formula rejected by the Coptic and Armenian churches

Why

The distinction matters geographically as well as theologically. Nicaea’s losers were the Germanic kingdoms of the West, who eventually converted. Chalcedon’s losers were the populations of Egypt, Syria and Armenia, who did not, and whose alienation from Constantinople is part of the background to how quickly those provinces changed hands in the 630s.

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